Glossary

Commercial finance, defined in plain English.

The terms a credit team uses when it talks about your file. Each entry links to a full explanation of how the concept is actually applied in underwriting, not just what it means.

GLOSSARY

Borrowing Base Certificate: Meaning, Calculation, and Example

What a borrowing base is, how the calculation works line by line, and why your availability is always far smaller than the collateral behind it.

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GLOSSARY

Business Line of Credit vs Term Loan: Which Fits When

How a revolving line of credit and a term loan differ, what each actually costs, and the matching rule that prevents the most common financing mistake.

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GLOSSARY

Cash Dominion in ABL: Meaning, Triggers, and Effects

What cash dominion and lockbox arrangements actually do to your treasury, the difference between springing and full dominion, and what triggers it.

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GLOSSARY

Cash Flow Lending vs Asset-Based Lending: The Difference

How cash flow and asset-based lenders size a facility, why the same company gets very different numbers from each, and what happens when earnings fall.

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GLOSSARY

Dilution in Factoring and ABL: Meaning and Calculation

What dilution measures, the formula lenders use, a worked example at 6% and 18%, and why it sets your advance rate more than customer credit does.

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GLOSSARY

DSCR vs FCCR: Formulas and Which One Binds

DSCR measures debt service. FCCR adds rent, capex, taxes, and distributions. The difference, both formulas, and why FCCR usually binds first.

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GLOSSARY

EBITDA vs Cash Flow: Why Lenders Track Both

The five items between EBITDA and cash, a worked example where $2M of EBITDA produces negative cash flow, and what each measure is actually for.

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GLOSSARY

Intercreditor Agreement: Meaning, Key Terms, and Effects

What an intercreditor agreement does, the payment and lien blocks inside it, standstill periods, and why your second lender cannot close without one.

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GLOSSARY

Inventory Financing: Meaning, Advance Rates, and Limits

What inventory financing is, why advance rates are so much lower than on receivables, what makes stock ineligible, and how appraisals decide your availability.

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GLOSSARY

Loan Covenants Explained: Meaning, Examples, and Types

What loan covenants are, the three types lenders use, common financial covenant examples, what happens when you breach one, and how much headroom to hold.

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GLOSSARY

Purchase Order Financing vs Factoring: When to Use Each

How purchase order financing and factoring differ, where each sits in the order-to-cash cycle, what the combination costs, and why they are usually sequential.

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GLOSSARY

Recourse vs Non-Recourse Factoring: The Real Difference

What recourse and non-recourse factoring mean, the narrow risk non-recourse really covers, what it costs, and how each is treated in accounting.

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GLOSSARY

SOFR vs Prime: Comparing Two Business Loan Rate Quotes

Why a Prime-plus quote and a SOFR-plus quote cannot be compared on the margin alone, plus floors, term SOFR, and what actually reprices.

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GLOSSARY

Standby Letter of Credit: Meaning, Cost, and How It Works

What a standby letter of credit does, how it differs from a commercial LC and a guarantee, and why it consumes your borrowing availability.

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GLOSSARY

Term Sheet Anatomy: Every Clause, Translated

A term sheet is short, dense, and written in a dialect most borrowers only encounter once. Here's a clause-by-clause translation, facility size, pricing, fees, covenants, borrowing base, guarantees, and the provisions that decide what happens when things go wrong.

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GLOSSARY

UCC Filing Meaning: What a Lien Search Reveals

What a UCC-1 filing is, what a blanket lien covers, why filing order decides priority, and how to run the search a lender will run on your business.

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GLOSSARY

Unitranche vs Senior vs Mezzanine Debt: The Capital Stack Explained

Every financing conversation assumes you know where each layer sits, what it costs, and who gets paid first. Here's the whole stack explained once, seniority, security, pricing logic, intercreditor mechanics, and where each layer actually fits.

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Related explainers
Run the numbers

Several of these terms have a calculator behind them, so you can test your own figures rather than read about the formula: DSCR and FCCR,borrowing base,covenant headroom, andfactor rate to APR. Everything runs in your browser, free and without signup.